Hệ thống xử lý nước thải sinh hoạt quy mô cụm dân cư đáp ứng các tiêu chí bảo vệ môi trường nông thôn mới tại xã Mai Châu, Phú Thọ

Abstract

This study presents the design, construction, and effectiveness evaluation of a domestic wastewater treatment system at the residential cluster scale in Na Chiêng Hamlet, Mai Chau District, Phu Tho Province. The model was applied to 20 households (44 inhabitants) with a treatment capacity of approximately 5 m³/day, comprising several modules: a grease trap, an anaerobic tank, an aerobic tank, a disinfection unit, and a sedimentation - filtration unit. The system was fabricated from fiber-reinforced composite (FRP), which has advantages of being lightweight, durable, corrosion-resistant, and easy to manufacture and install in rural areas. Monitoring results after three months of operation showed that the treated effluent met QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (Column B), with removal efficiencies of 70 - 90% for BOD₅, COD, and TSS, and more than 95% reduction in Coliforms. The system improved effluent quality, reduced pollution of surface and groundwater sources, and allowed reuse of treated water for irrigation, road washing, and landscaping. The model offers several advantages: low investment cost, simple operation, suitability for rural socio-economic conditions, short installation time (3 - 5 days), and scalability for 15 - 50 households. The results demonstrate that this system is a feasible solution to meet environmental criteria in the new rural development program, contributing to environmental protection, improving public health, and supporting sustainable eco-tourism development.