An Assessment of Ammonia (NH₃) and Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) Air Pollution Levels at Tidal Sluice Gate Locations within the Saigon River Basin

Abstract

   This study evaluates the pollution levels of ammonia (NH₃) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) gases at tidal sluices within the Saigon River Basin amid the pressures of urbanization and climate change. Gas samples were periodically collected from six monitoring sites, totaling 36 NH₃ samples and 36 H₂S samples across two distinct seasons (dry and rainy) from 2022 to 2024. Results indicate significant seasonal variations in NH₃ and H₂S concentrations, with markedly higher levels during the dry season, attributed to climatic factors and topographical constraints limiting gas dispersion. The AERMOD dispersion model was employed to simulate pollutant spread, identify contamination hotspots, and predict the spatial and temporal distribution of gas emissions. The study recommends enhanced periodic monitoring and the implementation of technical interventions, such as improved ventilation systems and advanced simulation modeling, to effectively control air pollution at tidal sluice locations.