tiếp cận tính GDP xanh loại 2 cho Việt Nam dựa trên hệ thống hạch toán hệ sinh thái (SEEA EA) thông qua tích hợp viễn thám và hệ thống thông tin địa lý GIS

Abstract

The Green GDP type 2 is an extended economic indicator that integrates the economic value of ecosystem services (e.g., provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services) into traditional GDP, aiming to fully reflect nature’s contributions and environmental losses. In the context of sustainable development and transitioning to a green economy, this study proposes a methodological framework for calculating Green GDP type 2 in Vietnam, based on the system of environmental-economic accounting (SEEA EA). It combines remote sensing and GIS technologies to quantify ecosystem extent, condition, services, and assets across key ecosystems (forests, grasslands, wetlands, agriculture, urban areas, and marine environments), integrating these into GDP for green accounting. To ensure effective application, the study recommends: (i) refining the legal framework to provide detailed guidelines for quantifying ecosystem services and integrating them into national accounts using SEEA EA; (ii) establishing an interdisciplinary task force to develop an implementation roadmap; and (iii) mobilizing green finance through mechanisms like carbon credits and green investment funds, in accordance with Decree No. 08/2022/NĐ-CP dated January 10, 2022, which regulates the categories of projects eligible for green credit and green bond issuance, thereby creating financial resources for ecosystem service valuation.