PPP model in industrial zone development and legal regulations on land use rights

Abstract

This article analyzes the public-private partnership (PPP) model in industrial zone
development in Vietnam from both legal and practical implementation perspectives. Based on the Law
on Investment in the Form of Public-Private Partnership 2020 (PPP Law 2020) and the Land Law
2024, the article clarifies methods of land allocation, land leasing, land recovery, and ensuring land
use rights in PPP projects. The author identifies several challenges such as overlaps between PPP
bidding regulations and land auction procedures, inadequacies in compensation for site clearance, and
limitations on land use rights under old laws. The article particularly evaluates the positive impact of
the Land Law 2024 on the PPP model and proposes recommendations to improve legislation, enhance
implementation efficiency, and ensure harmony of interests among the State, investors, and citizens.