The Impact of Social Relations on the Livelihoods of the Hmong and KhmuEthnic Groups in the Border Area of Ky Son District, Nghe An Province

Abstract

Out of five ethnic groups residing in the border area of Ky Son district, Nghe An province, the Hmong and Khmu account for a larger proportion of the total population than the rest. They also have relationship with people of the same or different ethnic groups in other countries with and without a border with Vietnam. In particular, unique features in terms of their marriage, family and lineage relationships, as well as ethnic relationships, which are increasingly strengthened, expressed through means of earning a living, social activities, cultural exchanges, etc., have been bringing significant income to local households, transforming the economic structure, and contributing to the preservation of ethnic cultures.

(Received: 30 June 2025; published: 01 December 2025)