International experience and proposal of some solutions to complete the policy of mine closure in Vietnam

Abstract

The article analyzes current policies on environmental rehabilitation and mine closure in Vietnam, and compares them with international experience from some developed countries such as Australia, the United States, China and Russia. Based on the analysis and comparison, the authors identify shortcomings in state management of mine closure activities, as well as assess the environmental - social - financial risks arising in this process and propose solutions to optimize benefits at the regional scale. The research methods applied include multidimensional policy analysis (including SWOT and PESTLE), quantitative analysis of risk data and cost-benefit modeling. The research results show that Vietnam needs to improve the legal framework on mine closure, improve monitoring mechanisms and increase the participation of local communities, and apply GIS technology and artificial intelligence (AI) technology in post-mining monitoring. The application of site-specific technical solutions (for coal, titanium, limestone, metal ore, etc.) is an effective approach to environmental rehabilitation and sustainable land use after mining. The paper also proposes a mine closure risk assessment model as a tool to support policy planning and decision making for the post-mining phase.