A dual strategy for urban flood mitigation: Integrating grey infrastructure upgrades with green water storage based on Thailand's 'kaem ling' (monkey cheek) mode

Abstract

Major urban centers in Asia, including Vietnam, face severe flood risk as traditional flood control methods (Grey Infrastructure) are overwhelmed by extreme rainfall. This paper analyzes a breakthrough dual strategy: Integrating Grey Infrastructure with a "soft" solution-utilizing green spaces for in-situ rainwater storage. This mechanism is underpinned by Thailand's "Monkey Cheek" (Kaem Ling) philosophy , which forms the basis for the "Sponge City" model. The study delves into the core principles of the "Monkey Cheek" model-treating rainwater as an asset and storing water at the source-along with its three applied design strategies (Absorption, Deceleration, Adaptation), exemplified by the Chulalongkorn Centenary Park. The findings offer practical experience and recommend that experts in Vietnam study and adapt this model to specific national conditions, contributing to sustainable urban flood mitigation.