National Consciousness of Giay and Hmong People in Lao Cai Province’s Border Area

Abstract

Attached to the connotations of the concept of national consciousness and the theory of belonging, and based on ethnographic field research conducted in selected border communes in Bat Xat district and Muong Khuong district between 2021 and 2022, the article analyses the national consciousness of Giay and Hmong ethnic groups in Lao Cai province’s border area. Research results show that the members of these two ethnic groups have developed a strong national consciousness during their long-term residence in the area. They possess a sense of being Vietnamese citizens, firmly asserting Vietnam as their homeland. They demonstrate awareness of national border sovereignty, the legal system, citizenship rights, civic obligations, and the national language, while also adhering to nation-building policies. However, there are certain limitations in the understanding and awareness of Vietnam as a nation among ethnic minorities in the border areas. Therefore, activities should be implemented to enhance their awareness, strengthen their national consciousness, and contribute to socioeconomic development, political stability, and national defense in the border regions.