The Impact of the Vietnam-China Border Closures on the Lives of Nung and Hmong in the Border Area of Cao Bang Province

Abstract

Since the beginning of 2020, the Chinese introduced a strict policy of closing the trails and openings on the entire border with Vietnam, also affecting Cao Bang province. The tightening enforcement of China’s zero-Covid policy has substantially impacted the ethnic minorities living in the Vietnam-China border areas. The article focuses on understanding the effects of China’s border closure policy on the lives of the Nung and the Hmong in the border area of Cao Bang province - the locality sharing the longest border with China in Vietnam.