Livelihood and Adaptation of the Hmong People in Pu Do Village, Quang Han Commune, Trung Khanh District, Cao Bang Province Today

Abstract

Livelihood is the foundation for the development of human life. Livelihood is closely dependent on changes in resources, the living environment, and social development conditions. Livelihood adaptation is inevitable when living conditions change. The article analyses some livelihood activities of the Hmong people in the border village of Pu Do, Quang Han commune, Trung Khanh district, Cao Bang province today, including cultivation, husbandry, bartering, loading, unloading, and transporting goods across borders. From there, identifies the unique behaviours of this ethnic group to the environment and local economic and social conditions as well as the ability to be flexible and sensitive to the market economy of the Hmong in the context of the international integration of Vietnam and the COVID-19 pandemic.