Hmong and Dao People’s Social Networks in some new Livelihood Activities (Case Study in Muong Khuong District, Lao Cai Province)

Abstract

Social networks play an essential role, significantly influencing emerging livelihood activities in the dynamic landscape of market-driven economic development, particularly in border areas. Drawing on fieldwork conducted among the Hmong and Dao ethnic groups in the Muong Khuong district, Lao Cai province, this article illustrates the impact of social networks on the development of new livelihoods within each ethnic community. The primary factors contributing to these effects stem from the distinctive cultural and economic characteristics of each ethnic group. Subsequently, the article delves into elucidating the role of social networks in the initiation of people's new livelihood activities and their utilization in discovering, establishing connections, and sustaining the development of these livelihoods.