Live Loads from Heavy-Duty Electric Trucks and Modeling Directions for Road Bridge Design

Abstract

This paper presents an analysis and evaluation of the live loads generated by heavy-duty electric vehicles (HDEV) currently in operation. A comparison is made with the live load models specified in the TCVN 11823-2017 standard. Based on the assessment of the impact of these vehicles on bridge structures, the study proposes directions for developing appropriate live load modeling methods tailored to actual traffic conditions. The findings provide a comprehensive overview of bridge design live loads and support structural design and load-rating assessments for road bridges.