University-business linkages in training and supplying high-quality human resources: Lessons for Vietnam

Abstract

In the context of globalization, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and university autonomy, the linkage between higher education institutions and businesses is increasingly important in improving the quality of training and developing human resources to meet market demands. This paper systematically synthesizes and analyzes international experiences on university-business linkages and the Work-Learning Integrated Learning (WIL) model, while also assessing the policy context, opportunities, and challenges ofVietnamese higher education through an academic overview method based on international research and reports from the OECD, World Bank, ASEAN, and domestic legal documents. The results show that integrating international output standards such as CDIO and ABET with the WIL model helps create a "common language" between universities and businesses in designing, implementing, and evaluating training programs, thereby contributing to narrowing the skills gap and improving the employability of graduates. Based on this, the paper proposes a four-tiered framework for university-enterprise linkages, including policy, learning outcomes, curriculum design, and skills assessment, accompanied by a system of key performance indicators (KPIs) focusing on tangible impacts such as employment rates, starting salaries, and professional competency improvement. The research provides a scientific basis and policy implications for institutionalizing WIL and reforming higher education in Vietnam.