The gap between learners’ skills and labor market demands in the digital era: Current situation and solutions for narrowing the gap

Abstract

In the context of rapid global digital transformation, Vietnam’s labor market is facing a significant challenge arising from the widening gap between the skills possessed by learners and those required by employers. Based on a conceptual framework of skills and skill gaps, this study examines the current state of the mismatch between learners’ competencies and labor market demands in Vietnam. It identifies the primary causes of this situation and proposes a coordinated set of solutions to narrow the gap. The research findings indicate that addressing the skill gap requires a multi-actor and multi-level approach: Educational institutions should play a central role in restructuring curricula toward an outcome-based model aligned with practical competencies; Enterprises need to engage substantively in the design, evaluation, and continuous updating of training programs; The State should perform a facilitating role by improving the legal and institutional framework, strengthening coordination mechanisms, and developing an effective labor market information system; At the same time, learners must be recognized as proactive agents in continuously upgrading their skills and adapting to evolving career demands.