Life cycle assessment (LCA) of ordinary portland cement production– A case study of one cement factory in Vietnam

Abstract

This paper presents a cradle-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of one ton of traditional Portland cement produced by Siam City Cement (Vietnam) Ltd., Vietnam. The results indicate that the selection of raw materials is identified as the major contributor to environmental impacts, accounting for 93.74% of the global warming potential (GWP), significantly higher than impacts from internal transportation, factory production, and waste management during production. The GWP value for PC Portland cement at INSEE Vietnam cement factory reached a value of 870.3 kg CO₂ eq./ton of cement.