Multi-sensor data intergration in topographic and as-built surveying of constructions

Abstract

This paper presents an overview of modern field surveying instruments and methods, and integrated multi-sensor systems applied in topographic and as-built surveys of civil infrastructure and constructions. Core devices such as total stations, GNSS RTK receivers, aerial imagery from UAVs, LiDAR, terrestrial laser scanners, and echo sounders, as well as multi-sensor integrated systems mounted on UAVs and USVs, are analyzed in terms of technical specifications and application domains. Based on this, the paper proposes a four-step workflow for integrating multi-sensor survey data: data acquisition, data processing, 3D modeling, and spatial visualization on a webGIS platform. This workflow is demonstrated through a case study at the Ba Ria Serece seaport, where UAV, USV, and station-scanner platforms were simultaneously deployed to collect data from the air, land, and underwater environments. The resulting 3D models and data integration on ArcGIS Online confirm the feasibility, high accuracy, and seamless 3D visualization of the surveyed site. The study highlights the potential of multi-sensor integrated systems to support digital transformation in infrastructure surveying, enabling more effective design, monitoring, and asset management on modern GIS platforms.