Risk assessment tools for juvenile offenders: Singapore’s experience and lessons for Vietnam

Abstract

Juvenile offending risk assessment tools are scientific methodologies designed to evaluate the level of risk and likelihood of recidivism, thereby facilitating appropriate dispositional decisions for juvenile offenders. The adoption of such tools is widely recognized as essential to ensuring fairness, effectiveness and a humane approach within the juvenile justice system. This article explores the theoretical foundations of risk assessment tools and examines Singapore's practical experience with the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI). Based on these insights, the article proposes recommendations for refining legal frameworks and enhancing practical implementation in Vietnam, with the ultimate goal of establishing a modern and effective juvenile justice system.