THE IMPACT OF THE NGUYEN DYNASTY’S LAND RECLAMATION POLICY ON THE MEKONG DELTA IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY

Abstract

This article analyzes the land reclamation policy of the Nguyen dynasty in the Mekong Delta during the first half of the 19th century, thereby assessing its profound impact on the socio-economic structure of Southern Vietnam. Employing historical and logical methods and based on cadastral records and Nguyen dynasty historical sources, the study elucidates various forms of land reclamation, including spontaneous initiatives by the populace and state-organized efforts, such as military colonies and state-sponsored village settlements. The research findings demonstrate that these policies contributed to the expansion of residential areas, increased arable land, agricultural development, and the stabilization of border regions. Notably, the policy led to significant transformations in land distribution and ownership structure. However, it also revealed certain limitations, such as imbalances between private and public land ownership and a conservative approach to local economic governance. By presenting these findings, the article offers an empirical perspective on Nguyen land policy and its contemporary implications for land governance and sustainable agricultural development in the Mekong Delta, particularly in the context of climate change and population pressure.