UNDERSTANDING STRUCTURE AND ROLE OF PD-1 RECEPTOR AND ITS LIGANDS IN CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY

Abstract

Cancer is one of the most serious health problems and is one of the leading diseases of death around the world. The goal of this paper is to find a new method to treat cancer, therefore we have approached the PD-1 receptor and its ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2). Our immune system will have checkpoints to guarantee that no foreign objects are allowed to enter our body. However, by many different ways, the cancer cellcan escape the body's immune system checkpoints to develop. One of the ways that cancer cells use to hide is by "fooling" the PD-1/PD-L checkpoint. Our research method is to synthesize some studies towards inhibition  of the PD-1/PD-L axis, in which the previously inactivated T-lymphocytes are reactivated, resulting in increasing activities and rate of toxic T cells, helping to kill the tumor cells. This has opened up a promising new direction for clinicians in choosing new cancer treatments.