RESEARCH AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A POLAR COORDINATE LASER ENGRAVING MACHINE

Abstract

This article presents a breakthrough in the field of laser engraving from the perspective of polar coordinates. Laser engraving has become a crucial tool in many industries, primarily constructed and operated based on Cartesian coordinates, determining the position of a point on a given plane using coordinates (x, y) or (x, y, z), which means the laser head moves on the plane horizontally, vertically, or up and down in a straight line. Therefore, when encountering designs with curved or circular shapes, the machining process faces issues such as rough and non-smooth product results, distinctive step-like patterns when the motor's rotation increases, and larger deviations. The outcome of this project is the result of research and the practical development of a device that operates with the laser head moving according to positions determined by polar coordinates and polar axes. With this device, curved and circular cuts have a smooth and aesthetically pleasing finish, reduced processing time, shortened non-productive running time of the executive mechanism, optimized operations, and increased machine longevity. The system has applied scientific and technical principles to the automation of production, enhancing productivity, and reducing human labor.