DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING A STEM-S LESSON ON THE TOPIC OF “MAKING FOLK TOYS” IN GRADE 4 TECHNOLOGY

DOI: 10.18173/2354-1075.2026-0016

Abstract

This study designed and implemented a STEM-S lesson in Grade 4 Technology. STEM content was intentionally integrated with societal contexts and social issues, while the Engineering Design Process (EDP) served as the instructional framework. The theme “Making folk toys” was operationalized through a specific lesson on “Making paper mâché masks.” The experiment involved 54 fourth-grade students, divided into an experimental group (STEM-S instruction via EDP) and a control group (traditional teaching). Data were analyzed using a mixed-methods approach. The results indicated that the experimental group achieved significantly higher academic performance test scores and demonstrated greater learning interest and a deeper level of understanding compared to the control group. The study confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing the EDP-STEM-S lesson in Primary Technology Education.