Synthesis and Characterization of PLGA Nanoparticles Loaded with Chlorambucil Using Three Formulation Methods

Abstract

     In the context of the growing demand for the development of nanocarrier systems in chemotherapy, especially for poor water-soluble drugs like chlorambucil (CHL), current research has focused on single preparation methods and lacked a comprehensive comparison among different techniques. This study aims to optimize and compare the effectiveness of three formulation methods for CHL-loaded PLGA nanoparticles: solvent precipitation, single emulsion, and double emulsion, using three concentrations of PVA stabilizer (1%, 2%, and 3%). The resulting nanoparticle systems were thoroughly evaluated in terms of particle size, zeta potential, drug encapsulation efficiency, drug release kinetics, and in vitro cytotoxicity against HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. The results demonstrated that the single emulsion method produced small and uniform particles of (155-170) nm, while the solvent precipitation method yielded the highest drug encapsulation efficiency of (12-20)%. Meanwhile, the double emulsion method exhibited better control over drug release in acidic environments. Although the   cytotoxicity remained limited, the findings highlight the potential applicability of the PLGA/CHL system.