Effect of extraction conditions on the extraction capacity of some bioactive compounds from aloe vera leaves

Abstract

    Aloe vera is a medicinal plant with high pharmaceutical values that is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries due to its rich content of biologically active compounds such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, and saponins. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the water–ethanol solvent ratio and the material-to-solvent ratio on the extraction efficiency of these compounds from aloe vera leaves, as well as to analyze the acemannan content and antioxidant activity of the extract. The results showed that aloe vera extract obtained at pure water solvent ratio of (100:0) and a material-to-solvent ratio of 1:1 (v/v) achieved the highest total polyphenol content (3.528 ± 0.0141) mg GAE/g, total polysaccharide content (218.0 ± 0.023) mg/g, saponin content, and acemannan content of 182.5 mg/g extract. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated through DPPH and ABTS⁺ assays, with IC₅₀ values of (476.58 ± 2.91) µg/mL in the DPPH assay and (433.91 ± 1.95) µg/mL in the ABTS⁺ assay. These findings provide an esential scientific insight for the application of aloe vera extract in pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics sectors.