Survey on microbiological characteristics, phytochemical composition and biological activity of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Verbenaceae

Abstract

    Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.), is a perennial herb with various biological activities that associate with its potentials as a valuable medicinal resource. However, in Viet Nam, there is currently a lack of comprehensive studies on the chemical composition and biological activities of this species. This study was conducted to provide scientific data for identification, differentiation from other plant species, and preliminary evaluation of certain biological activities. Plant samples were collected from Ke Sach District, Soc Trang Province, and examined for morphological characteristics, anatomical structures, powdered drug features, and preliminary phytochemical composition. In addition, the antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were evaluated. Results have shown that the roots, stems, leaves, and flowers all contained flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, and tannins. Among the extracts, the ethanol extract of the leaves exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, IC₅₀ = (36.11 ± 1.11) µg/mL and the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitory effect, IC₅₀ = (265.07 ± 4.57) µg/mL. Notably, this is the first study in Vietnam to assess antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities in individual parts of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis. These findings provide an important platform for further studies on the chemical constituents and standardization of this promising medicinal plant.