Contract formation in the supply of goods in the digital environment: Legal challenges in establishing, Verifying and Performing contract

Abstract

In the context of digital transformation, the formation of contracts for goods supply through electronic means poses numerous legal challenges related to speed, cost, and cross-border complexity. This paper analyzes the legal difficulties in establishing, verifying, and executing contracts via digital platforms and electronic bills of lading (e-BL). Through comparative legal methods and empirical surveys with experts, the study aims to clarify the necessary legal conditions and propose improvements to Viet Nam’s legal framework to ensure legal certainty and trust in digital transactions.