5. Developing a circular economy in the pepper value chain in Gia Lai for climate change adaptation

Abstract

This study examines the potential for transitioning Gia Lai’s pepper sector toward a circular economy, aiming to enhance climate change adaptation and reduce emissions. The methodology combines a survey of 40 pepper farming households, expert interviews, and a weighted AHP - SWOT analysis, alongside an estimation of CO₂-equivalent (CO₂eq) emissions from key production inputs. Results indicate that the circular agricultural model can reduce emissions by 35 - 50 % compared to conventional practices (1,400 - 1,800 kg CO₂eq/ha/year). The top three prioritized solutions include: on-site application of organic fertilizers and by-products (34.2 %), reuse of irrigation water (21.3 %), and intercropping models (18 %). The SWOT analysis reveals that opportunities (30 %) outweigh threats (16 %), while strengths and weaknesses are relatively balanced. A key contribution of this study is the integration of emission quantification within the circular value chain framework, allowing for a strategic prioritization of interventions. Five strategic directions are proposed: the development of circular production clusters, green credit mechanisms, public-private partnerships, farmer-to-farmer training, and digital traceability systems, all aimed at achieving net-zero emissions by 2045.