TỔNG QUAN TÀI LIỆU VÀ ĐỀ XUẤT PHƯƠNG PHÁP THIẾT KẾ THÍ NGHIỆM DỰA TRÊN MÔ HÌNH NUÔI ĐA BẬC DINH DƯỠNG ĐỂ ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆU QUẢ XỬ LÝ CHẤT Ô NHIỄM HỮU CƠ VÀ DINH DƯỠNG PHÁT SINH DO HOẠT ĐỘNG NUÔI THỦY SẢN LỒNG BÈ TẬP TRUNG TẠI VÙNG BIỂN QUẢNG NINH

Tóm tắt

In Quang Ninh, there are two methods of marine aquaculture catering to different species: cage farming for
fish and raft farming for bivalve molluscs. The floating cage farming method offers technical advantages,
including ease of management, simplicity in feeding, convenience in cleaning, and good oxygen supply due
to wind disturbance. However, the main limitation is the restriction of flow, leading to nutrient
agglomeration near the cage. Waste from aquaculture, including uneaten food, solid waste, and inorganic
and organic solutes from the excretion of cultured organisms, causes negative impacts such as
eutrophication and increased nutrient emissions from the substrate, which affect the quality of the water
environment. In the aquaculture industry, numerous efforts have been undertaken to mitigate organic and
nutrient waste in and around cage farming areas through enhanced feed efficiency, advanced feed
management systems, and other solutions. However, despite technological advancements, the issue of
organic (nutrient) pollution linked with cage fish farming has not been entirely eradicated. Integrated MultiTrophic Aquaculture (IMTA) is a concept modeled after the inherent function of the food chain in the marine
environment. In this food chain, each species typically finds a suitable food spectrum from the waste
produced by another species. Currently, countries around the world have adopted the IMTA farming model
to address organic and nutrient pollutants originating from concentrated cage aquaculture activities.
However, in Vietnam, particularly in Quang Ninh province, there have been no specific studies conducted on
solutions to mitigate and address organic and nutrient pollution stemming from concentrated cage farming
activities in coastal areas. Based on a review of research results, the study proposes a method for designing
experiments and evaluating the effectiveness of treating organic and nutrient pollutants in the IMTA farming
model.