ENHANCING THE VIETNAMESE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE: EXPERIENCE FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE NETHERLANDS

Tóm tắt

Water is a vital human resource and is indispensable in daily activities and economic production. However, agricultural activities in Vietnam have been increasing pressure on water resources, mainly due to the overuse of fertilisers, pesticides, pollution from livestock farming, and unsustainable farming practices. These factors contribute to the degradation of water resources, endangering both ecosystems and public health. Sustainable agricultural practices and effective water resource management are essential for long-term sustainability. As a predominantly agricultural nation, Vietnam has increasingly recognised the importance of sustainable agricultural development, with an emphasis on reducing environmental pollution and safeguarding water resources for future generations. Despite efforts to regulate pollution and protect water resources, Vietnam’s legal framework remains insufficient and lacks comprehensive enforcement mechanisms, resulting in continued water pollution from agricultural activities. This paper examines the regulatory frameworks of the EU and the Netherlands, the jurisdictions that have successfully integrated sustainable water management and agricultural policies. By analysing their legal approaches and enforcement strategies, the study proposes recommendations for enhancing Vietnam's legal framework to support sustainable water resource management. The insights from this analysis could also benefit other ASEAN countries, particularly in addressing transboundary water pollution in the Mekong River, a critical resource for regional sustainability.