The role of visual arts activities in the development of early childhood

Abstract

Early childhood (0-6 years) is a critical period for foundational development. Visual arts activities, including drawing, sculpting, and collage, represent a potent educational tool. This systematic review research aims to synthesize and analyze existing scientific evidence on the multifaceted role of VAA in the cognitive, social-emotional, motor, and creative development of children aged 0-6. A review method, guided by PRISMA recommendations, was employed, involving searches across major databases (ERIC, PsycINFO, Scopus) and Vietnamese sources. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria and analyzed using thematic analysis. The synthesis reveals that visual arts activities positively and interactively impacts all developmental domains: fostering spatial reasoning and problem-solving (cognitive); supporting emotional expression, confidence-building, and cooperation skills (social-emotional); refining fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination (motor); and strongly nurturing divergent thinking and imagination (creativity). Key influencers of effectiveness include prioritizing the process over the product, providing rich learning environments, and the teacher's supportive, non-directive role. The review confirms the indispensable role of high-quality visual arts activities and suggests significant implications for early childhood education practices, teacher training, and policy-making.