Approaches and prospects in the use of heavy metal hyperaccumulating ferns for environmental pollution treatment

Abstract

In recent years, research on heavy metal remediation for soil and water by phytoremediation is one of the new research directions, which is low cost but effective, and especially environmentally friendly as it does not require the use of chemicals. Among more than 400 plant species that are considered as hyperaccumulators of heavy metals, ferns are promising plant species. Studies have shown that these ferns are capable of hyperaccumulating heavy metals such as Arsenic, Chromium, Cadmium, Iron, and Magnesium... but the most common is Arsenic. The application of achievements in molecular biology, genetics, and microbiological technology is considered as the key to the development of phytoremediation technology in general and the application of heavy metal hyperaccumulating ferns for the remediation of land and water environment in particular.