THE MUTATIONS ON SPIKE PROTEIN OF OMICRON SUBLINEAGES

Abstract

We identified on the spike protein of the BA.1 sublineage with 34 mutations, the BA.2 sublineage with 32 mutations and BA.3 sublineage with 25 mutations based on the results of the pairwise S sequences alignment problem of each Omicron variant and the reference S sequence. The number of mutations on RBD of the BA.1, BA.3 sublineage is 15 and the BA.2 sublineage is 16. On the RBD, the BA.1 sublineage has three characteristic mutations, namely S371L, G446S and G496S, the BA.2 sublineage has four characteristic mutations, namely S371F, T376A, D405N and R408S, the BA.3 sublineage has three characteristic mutations are S371F, D405N and G446S. On the spike protein of the BA.2 sublineage, there are ten unique mutations, namely T19I, L24S, P25del, P26del, A27S, V213G, T376A and R408S, making this sublineage about 20 times more infectious than the Original variant, 4.2 times that of the Delta variant and about 1.5 times that of the BA.1 sublineage. Mutations on the RBD spike protein region of the BA.1, BA.2 and BA.3 sublineages K417N, E484A and Q493R all cause disorder for many antibodies. On the RBD region, the specific mutation G496S of the BA.1 sublineage and the specific mutations T376A, D405N, R408S of the BA.2 sublineage reduced the effectiveness of many antibodies