Assessment of changes in longwall mining technology in underground coal mines in Quang Ninh region during the period 2010 - 2025

Abstract

This paper presents an assessment of the evolution of longwall mining technology in underground coal mines in the Quang Ninh region during the period 2010 - 2025, in the context of the transition from open-pit to underground mining to ensure national energy security. The study analyzes technological development through three main stages: (i) 2010 - 2015, characterized by manual and semi-mechanized mining methods; (ii) 2016 - 2020, marked by breakthroughs in fully mechanized mining; and (iii) 2021 - 2025, featuring trends toward automation, digitalization, and the application of artificial intelligence.

The results indicate that the mechanization rate increased from 2.8% to approximately 18,5%, labor productivity improved by over 12% annually, and resource loss was reduced to below 20%. Advanced technologies such as powered supports, shearers, lightweight mechanized systems, and ZRY flexible shields have significantly enhanced mining efficiency under complex geological conditions. In addition, the application of intelligent monitoring systems, sensors, and AI has substantially improved occupational safety and operational management.

The paper also identifies key challenges associated with deep mining, including ground pressure, methane hazards, and high investment costs, and proposes appropriate technological orientations toward smart, modern, and sustainable mining systems in the future.