Epidemiological study, identifying social and climate factors related to lumpy skin disease in cattle, buffaloes in some provinces of Viet Nam

Abstract

The objective of this study aimed at conducting a retrospective study on the epidemiology of lumpy skin disease (LSD) in twelve provinces on seven agro-ecological areas of Viet Nam at the household farm level and identifying the natural and social factors affected to the ecology of virus caused LSD. The
studied results showed that female cattle were more susceptible to LSDV than male cattle. The infection rate of Vietnamese water buffaloes was higher than that of the hybrid buffaloes. Among 9 investigated cattle breeds, the infection rates of the indigenous yellow cattle and Sind hybrid cattle breeds were lower
than that of 4 exotic cattle breeds but higher than 3 remaining exotic cattle breeds. The age group of cattle and buffaloes with the most infection rate was at over 25 months old. The infection rate of the household farms with the herd size of 1-3 animals was highest. In Spring and Summer (or the rainy season), the
infection rate of cattle and buffaloes was higher than in Autumn and Winter, (or the dry season). In April, May, June, August, and September, the infection rate of the cattle and buffaloes with LSD was higher than in the remaining months of year. The infection rate of the cattle and buffaloes raising in the delta and
mountainous areas was higher in comparison with the midland and highland areas. The agro-ecological regions, including the Northern Midlands and Mountains, the South Central region, and the Southeast region, had the infection rate of cattle and buffaloes with LSD more than 10%. The infection of the
household farms with LSD in the inland regions was higher than in the border regions The infection rate of cattle and buffaloes with LSD in 8 provinces was more than 10%. In 2022, natural factor (rainfall) was closely related to the infection rate of cattle and buffaloes with LSD.