Quantifying the influence of local climate zones on diurnaland nocturnalland surface temperaturevariations: a case study in Ho Chi Minh City

Abstract

Earth observation satellite missions are providing an unprecedented source of land surface temperature with diverse spatial and temporal resolutionsover decades, facilitating the accurate modeling and interpretation of environmental interactions across spatiotemporal scales. This study represents a pioneering effort to quantify the intricate interplay between diurnal/nocturnal land surface temperature products and local climate zones within Vietnam, utilizing Ho Chi Minh City as a case study. The Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform was utilized to access and process diurnal and nocturnal land surface temperature data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Focusing on the hottest period from 2022-2024, we elucidate typical monthly land surface temperature, identifying the hottest and coolest months, accompanied by maximum and minimum land surface temperature following consistent spatial patterns. By applying harmonic regression models to daily time series data for each local climate zone, our results pronounced seasonal cycles, alongside a noticeable trend of escalating nighttime land surface temperature, ranging from 1.5÷20C, over the three-year examined period. Furthermore, maximum daytime and nighttime land surface temperatureswere recorded in areas characterized by narrow landscapes, while exhibiting diminishing with increasing open architecture or lower building densities, along with the significant role in temperature-regulating by the Can Gio mangrove forest situated in the southeastern. These findings contribute significantly to a nuanced understanding of urban climate dynamics and the intricate interaction between land surface temperature variations and urban architectur