WTO MORATORIUM ON E-COMMERCE IN RTAS FROM A HUMAN SECURITY PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

This paper investigates the WTO moratorium on e-commerce through a human security
framework, specifically within the context of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
(RCEP) and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
(CPTPP). As the global economy increasingly transitions to digital commerce, it is vital to
understand the implications of this moratorium to ensure that the benefits of e-commerce are
distributed fairly while protecting individual rights. The primary objectives of this research are
to evaluate the economic, social, and political effects of the moratorium on human security and
to identify effective strategies for its integration into trade policies. Employing a qualitative
methodology, this study reviews pertinent literature, analyzes case studies from RCEP and
CPTPP, and conducts policy analysis to examine the interplay between e-commerce and human
security. The findings reveal that while the moratorium facilitates market access for small
and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and fosters economic growth, it also risks intensifying
existing inequalities and creating regulatory challenges. Furthermore, issues related to data
privacy and cybersecurity are highlighted as significant concerns. These findings emphasize
the necessity for policymakers to adopt a balanced approach that prioritizes human rights
in tandem with trade facilitation. By incorporating human security considerations into
e-commerce discussions, this research advocates for the creation of inclusive digital economies
that empower marginalized communities