Dendritic cell therapy for cancers and underlying mechanisms involved in cancer development.

Tóm tắt

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that affect prime naive T cells and create proper immune responses. The uncontrolled growth of cancer cells often results from the cell’s successful inhibition of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In addition to conventional cancer treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, immunotherapies have been seen to offer promising and innovative cancer treatments. Currently, DC therapy is one of the most popular immunotherapies because it uses tumour antigen-pulsed DC vaccines to fight against cancers. Patients with end-stage cancers treated with DC therapy may extend survival significantly for up to 10 to 15 more years. Researchers worldwide, including in Vietnam, have been focusing on determining the etiology of cancers with an aim to control cancers. One of
the major causes of cancer is an increased expressions of proteins, including cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) which both affect the recruitment of a large number of regulatory T cells and abolishes the presence of cytotoxic T lymphocytes migrating to the tumor sites, and resulting in an immune tolerance. In addition to this, the abnormal activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is also an important risk factor for cancer, because its activation leads to transcription of nuclear genes involved in regulating the cell physiological processes, such as maturation, differentiation, proliferation, migration, and invasion. This NF-κB
signal is modulated by bonds among most receptors on immune cell surfaces and their specific ligands. Therefore, investigations of the precise molecular mechanism associated with the regulation of cancer development by DCs and other leukocytes, and the efficiency of cancer therapies have been major challenges for scientists worldwide.